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accent5;mso-background-themetint:51;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td valign=top style='padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'> <h1 align=center style='margin-top:18.0pt;text-align:center'><a name=top></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>GENIES.<o:p></o:p></span></h1> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'><img width=700 height=15 id="_x0000_i1025" src="/assets/images/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20de%20la%20Mesopotamie%20G%C3%A9nies_fichiers/line.png"></span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td valign=top style='padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.65pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.65pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Au-dessous des dieux, mais participant néanmoins de leur nature et partageant avec eux certaines prérogatives, se trouvaient les génies, les <span class=green>utukku</span>, répartis en deux groupes : les bons et les mauvais. Dans la mythologie akkadienne, ils portaient le nom d'<span class=green>utukki</span>, et ils étaient sept mauvais démons, descendants d'<a href="/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Anou.htm"><span style='color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'>Anu et Antu</span></a>. <br> Plus encore que les dieux, ces génies étaient étroitement mêlés à la vie humaine.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <div> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:19.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly'><a name=debut><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>BONS GENIES <o:p></o:p></span></b></a></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.65pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='mso-bookmark:debut'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'>Les bons génies, qu'on appelait <span class=green>shedu</span> ou <span class=green>lamassu</span>, jouaient auprès de l'homme le rôle de protecteurs. Ils le défendaient contre les puissances mauvaises, portaient aux dieux ses hommages et attiraient sur lui la faveur divine. On les voyait se dresser à la porte des temples sous la forme de taureaux ailés à face humaine. Mais ils ne se bornaient pas à ce rôle de gardiens des enceintes sacrées. Invisibles et présents, ils se tenaient aux côtés des hommes, les suivaient dans la rue, à la guerre, car, ainsi qu'il était dit, « <em>celui qui n'a pas de dieux lorsqu'il marche dans la rue, le mal de tête le couvre comme un vêtement </em>».</span></span><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <div> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:19.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>MAUVAIS GENIES </span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.65pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>C'est qu'à tout instant l'homme est en butte aux forces malfaisantes, représentées par les mauvais outoukkou. Ce sont d'abord les <span class=green>edimmu</span> (âmes des morts) qui n'ont pas reçu de sépulture ou à qui l'on a négligé de rendre le culte funéraire : ils se vengent en tourmentant les vivants. Encore ceux-là peut-on les apaiser en leur offrant un repas funèbre, le Kispu, ou une libation d'eau. Mais il faut compter avec d'autres utukku plus redoutables. Issus du monde inférieur, de l'arallou, ou émanés « <em>de la bile d'Ea </em>», ces mauvais génies accablent les hommes de maladies, leur inspirent des actions criminelles, jettent la désunion dans les familles, font périr les troupeaux. On a raison de les comparer à « l'ouragan qui avec fureur se déchaîne dans les cieux » ou au « vent qui se lève et jette l'obscurité sur le jour brillant ». Nul moyen de les apaiser, car « ils n'écoutent ni la prière ni la supplication ». On a vu qu'ils ne respectaient pas les dieux eux-mêmes et qu'ils osèrent un jour s'attaquer à Sîn, dont ils voulurent éclipser la lumière bienfaisante. <br> Que sont au juste ces esprits malfaisants ? <br> On l'ignore. Tout au plus sait-on qu'«<em> ils ne prennent pas de femmes, qu'ils n'enfantent pas</em> ». Sept d'entre eux sont particulièrement dangereux. « <em>Ils sont enfantés dans la montagne de l'Ouest, ils se font une demeure dans les trous de la terre, ils habitent dans les ruines de la terre. </em>» Quand ils se manifestent aux mortels, c'est sous la forme d'êtres terrifiants : ils ont un corps humain, une tête de lion hérissée de cornes, et des pieds armés de puissantes griffes. On ne peut les chasser que par les incantations et les exorcismes, en recourant au conjurateur, <span class=green>ashipu</span>, dont le rôle essentiel consistait à diagnostiquer le mal et à déterminer quel démon ou parfois quel dieu provoquait la maladie chez le patient. Puis il essayait de le guérir au moyen de charmes de prières et d incantations.</span><span style='font-size:13.0pt'> <a name=ico></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:30.0pt'> <td style='padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt;height:30.0pt'><!-- bas de page--></td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class=no><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> </div> </body> </html>