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<meta content=ALL name=robots> <meta content=Global name=distribution> <meta content=General name=rating> <meta content=AT name=copyright> <meta content=clio name=Author> <link media=screen href="/assets/styles/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Enfers_fichiers/screen.css" type="text/css" rel=stylesheet> <link media=print href="/assets/styles/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Enfers_fichiers/print.css" type="text/css" rel=stylesheet> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="5122"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body lang=FR link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:35.4pt'> <div class=Section1> <div align=center> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="66%" style='width:66.0%;mso-cellspacing:0cm;background:#DAEEF3;mso-background-themecolor: accent5;mso-background-themetint:51;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td valign=top style='padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'> <h1 align=center style='margin-top:18.0pt;text-align:center'><a name=top></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>LE MONDE DES MORTS.<o:p></o:p></span></h1> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'><img width=700 height=15 id="_x0000_i1026" src="/assets/images/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Enfers_fichiers/line.png"></span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td valign=top style='padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>De nombreux textes mésopotamiens traitent du monde des morts comme par exemple l'épopée de <a href="http://mythologica.fr/mesopotamie/gilgamesh.htm"><span style='color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Gilgamesh</span></a> ou le myhte d'Enlil et Ninlil. Mais le plus célèbre est sans contexte la descente d'Ishtar / Inanna aux Enfers. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Elle, la fille de Sin, décida de se rendre </span><o:p></o:p></em></p> <p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Dans la demeure de l obscurité, le séjour d Irkalla,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p> <p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Vers la demeure où ceux qui entrent ne sortent jamais,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p> <p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Sur le chemin dont l aller est dans retour,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p> <p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Vers la demeure où ceux qui entrent sont privés de lumière,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p> <p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Là où la poussière est leur nourriture, là où le pain est poussière.<o:p></o:p></span></em></p> <p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Ils ne verront plus le jour, ils séjournent dans l obscurité,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p> <p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Ils sont vêtus comme les oiseaux d un vêtement de plumes,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p> <p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Sur la porte et le verrou s accumule la poussière.<o:p></o:p></span></em></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.65pt'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>Descente d'Ishtar aux Enfers; 3-11 </span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.65pt'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Comme on vient de le lire les Enfers n'avaient rien de joyeux mais il ne faut pas confondre l'Au-Delà mésopotamien avec l'Enfer chrétien, même si dans la fiche j'utiliserai ce terme. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <div> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:16.15pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly'><a name=debut><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>CONCEPTION DE LA MORT <o:p></o:p></span></b></a></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='mso-bookmark:debut'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'>Les mésopotamiens concevaient la mort comme la séparation du corps physique appelé <span class=green>esemtu</span> qui devait être enterré souvent dans une chambre souterraine sous la maison du défunt et de l'<span class=green>etemmu</span> (<span class=green>gidim</span> ou <span class=green>gedim</span> en sumérien) qui se rendait dans l'Au-delà pour y retrouver les autres défunts et les entités qui peuplaient ces tristes lieux comme Ereshkigal et Nergal. <br> Les etemmu recevaient de la part de la famille du défunt des sacrifices (kispu) et si ces sacrifices n'étaient pas accomplis ils pouvaient revenir sur terre sous la forme de mauvais esprits pour hanter les vivants. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='mso-bookmark:debut'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'>Il y avait une sorte de hiérarchie parmi les etemmu : ceux qui avaient eu de leur vivant une famille nombreuse étaient mieux lotis que ceux qui avaient eu peu ou pas d'enfants. Outre les etemmu, on trouve aussi dans les Enfers les « dieux captifs », Qingou et ses complices, qui, dans le grand combat primitif des dieux, s'étaient rangés aux côtés de Tiamat et avaient été vaincus par Marduk.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <div> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:16.15pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly'><span style='mso-bookmark:debut'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>AU-DELA <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='mso-bookmark:debut'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'>De très nombreuses divinités et de démons aussi monstrueux les uns que les autres peuplaient le Grand-en-Bas sur lequel règnait la déesse Ereshkigal, « princesse de la grande terre ». A l'origine elle était l'unique souveraine. <br> Mais, un jour, le dieu Nergal, « le seigneur de la grande demeure », celui-là même qu'on adorait à Koutha sous le nom de Meshlamtaèa, marcha à l'assaut des enfers. Il avait avec lui quatorze démons, qu'il posta auprès des différentes portes. Pour obtenir la paix, Ereshkigal consentit à prendre Nergal pour époux : « Tu seras mon époux, lui dit-elle, et je serai ta femme ; je te ferai posséder la royauté dans la vaste terre, je placerai dans ta main la tablette de la sagesse ».</span></span><span style='font-size:13.0pt; color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Dans leur conception du monde, les Mésopotamiens, plaçaient en haut le ciel, puis la terre, monde des vivants, au-dessous l'Apsû et tout en bas l'autre monde, les Enfers, le lieu où résidaient les démons et les morts sous la domination de dieux infernaux. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Le gouffre de la terre est habituellement atteint par sept étapes sur une échelle, puis un chemin descendant qui se termine à la première des sept portes.</span><span style='color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'> Les sept portes sont gardées et aucune personne vivante n est autorisée à passer.</span></p> <div> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:16.15pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly'><a name=sou></a><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>SOURCES <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </div> <p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:16.15pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-no-proof:yes'><img border=0 width=30 height=9 id="_x0000_i1025" src="/assets/images/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Enfers_fichiers/fleche30.gif"></span><span style='font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'>Mourir au pays des deux fleuves de Véronique Van Der Stede chez David Brown (2007) ISBN-10: 9042919477</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:30.0pt'> <td style='padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt;height:30.0pt'></td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class=no><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> </div> </body> </html>