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<h1 align=center style='margin-top:18.0pt;text-align:center'><a name=top></a><span
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>LE MONDE DES MORTS.<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'><img
width=700 height=15 id="_x0000_i1026"
src="/assets/images/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Enfers_fichiers/line.png"></span><span
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'>
<td valign=top style='padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>De nombreux textes
mésopotamiens traitent du monde des morts comme par exemple l'épopée de <a
href="http://mythologica.fr/mesopotamie/gilgamesh.htm"><span
style='color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Gilgamesh</span></a> ou le myhte
d'Enlil et Ninlil. Mais le plus célèbre est sans contexte la descente
d'Ishtar / Inanna aux Enfers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:
83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Elle, la fille de
Sin, décida de se rendre </span><o:p></o:p></em></p>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:
83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Dans la demeure de
l obscurité, le séjour d Irkalla,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:
83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Vers la demeure où
ceux qui entrent ne sortent jamais,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:
83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Sur le chemin dont
l aller est dans retour,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:
83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Vers la demeure où
ceux qui entrent sont privés de lumière,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:
83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Là où la poussière
est leur nourriture, là où le pain est poussière.<o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:
83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Ils ne verront plus
le jour, ils séjournent dans l obscurité,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:
83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Ils sont vêtus
comme les oiseaux d un vêtement de plumes,<o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:
83.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><em><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Sur la porte et le
verrou s accumule la poussière.<o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.65pt'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:
text1'>Descente d'Ishtar aux Enfers; 3-11 </span></p>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.05pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.65pt'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:
text1'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Comme on vient de
le lire les Enfers n'avaient rien de joyeux mais il ne faut pas confondre
l'Au-Delà mésopotamien avec l'Enfer chrétien, même si dans la fiche
j'utiliserai ce terme. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:16.15pt;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><a name=debut><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>CONCEPTION DE LA MORT <o:p></o:p></span></b></a></p>
</div>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='mso-bookmark:debut'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;
mso-themecolor:text1'>Les mésopotamiens concevaient la mort comme la
séparation du corps physique appelé <span class=green>esemtu</span> qui
devait être enterré souvent dans une chambre souterraine sous la maison du
défunt et de l'<span class=green>etemmu</span> (<span class=green>gidim</span>
ou <span class=green>gedim</span> en sumérien) qui se rendait dans l'Au-delà pour
y retrouver les autres défunts et les entités qui peuplaient ces tristes
lieux comme Ereshkigal et Nergal. <br>
Les etemmu recevaient de la part de la famille du défunt des sacrifices
(kispu) et si ces sacrifices n'étaient pas accomplis ils pouvaient revenir
sur terre sous la forme de mauvais esprits pour hanter les vivants. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='mso-bookmark:debut'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;
mso-themecolor:text1'>Il y avait une sorte de hiérarchie parmi les etemmu :
ceux qui avaient eu de leur vivant une famille nombreuse étaient mieux lotis
que ceux qui avaient eu peu ou pas d'enfants. Outre les etemmu, on trouve
aussi dans les Enfers les « dieux captifs », Qingou et ses complices, qui,
dans le grand combat primitif des dieux, s'étaient rangés aux côtés de Tiamat
et avaient été vaincus par Marduk.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:16.15pt;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='mso-bookmark:debut'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>AU-DELA <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
</div>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='mso-bookmark:debut'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;
mso-themecolor:text1'>De très nombreuses divinités et de démons aussi
monstrueux les uns que les autres peuplaient le Grand-en-Bas sur lequel
règnait la déesse Ereshkigal, « princesse de la grande terre ». A l'origine
elle était l'unique souveraine. <br>
Mais, un jour, le dieu Nergal, « le seigneur de la grande demeure », celui-là
même qu'on adorait à Koutha sous le nom de Meshlamtaèa, marcha à l'assaut des
enfers. Il avait avec lui quatorze démons, qu'il posta auprès des différentes
portes. Pour obtenir la paix, Ereshkigal consentit à prendre Nergal pour
époux : « Tu seras mon époux, lui dit-elle, et je serai ta femme ; je te
ferai posséder la royauté dans la vaste terre, je placerai dans ta main la
tablette de la sagesse ».</span></span><span style='font-size:13.0pt;
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Dans leur
conception du monde, les Mésopotamiens, plaçaient en haut le ciel, puis la
terre, monde des vivants, au-dessous l'Apsû et tout en bas l'autre monde, les
Enfers, le lieu où résidaient les démons et les morts sous la domination de
dieux infernaux. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:16.15pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Le gouffre de la
terre est habituellement atteint par sept étapes sur une échelle, puis un chemin
descendant qui se termine à la première des sept portes.</span><span
style='color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'> Les sept portes sont gardées et
aucune personne vivante n est autorisée à passer.</span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:16.15pt;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><a name=sou></a><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>SOURCES <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:16.15pt;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:19.55pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-no-proof:yes'><img border=0 width=30
height=9 id="_x0000_i1025"
src="/assets/images/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Enfers_fichiers/fleche30.gif"></span><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;
mso-themecolor:text1'>Mourir au pays des deux fleuves de Véronique Van Der
Stede chez David Brown (2007) ISBN-10: 9042919477</span><span
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor:
text1'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td style='padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt;height:30.0pt'></td>
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