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mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <meta content="Charia,Abou Bakr,Achoura,Adultère,Ali ibn Abi Talib,Apostasie dans l'islam,Arabe,Arbaïn,Arbre des religions abrahamiques,Architecture islamique,Averroes" name=keywords> <link href="/assets/images/../../../../../favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="/../../../../../w/opensearch_desc.php" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" rel=search> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html" rel=copyright> <link media=print href="/assets/styles/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Charia%20-%20Wikip%C3%83%C2%A9dia_fichiers/commonPrint.css" type="text/css" rel=stylesheet> <!-- Head Scripts --><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="2050"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body bgcolor="#D6D6F7" background="../../images/Textures/BK30.bmp" lang=FR link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:35.4pt' leftmargin=50> <div class=Section1> <div id=globalWrapper> <div id=column-content> <div id=content> <div id=siteNotice> <div align=center> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="90%" style='width:90.0%;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt: 4.5pt 4.5pt 4.5pt 4.5pt'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td width="100%" style='width:100.0%;background:#E7EFFF;padding:4.5pt 4.5pt 4.5pt 4.5pt'> <div id=globalWrapper0> <div id=column-content0> <div id=content0> <div id=siteNotice0> <h1 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=top></a><span style='font-size:36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Charia</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h1> <div id=bodyContent0> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'>Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.<span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><b><span style='font-size:13.0pt;line-height:150%'><a href="/CD-Bible/index_par_th%C3%A8me.htm"><span style='text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>retour à l'index thématique</span></a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p> <div><!-- start content --> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Ceci est un article sujet à&nbsp; une <b>controverse de neutralité</b> et est donc <b>à&nbsp; considérer avec précaution</b>.&nbsp;</span></p> </div> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La <b>charia</b>&nbsp; est le code de jurisprudence religieuse musulman. Le terme est aussi utilisé en arabe pour : «&nbsp;ce qui a été légiféré [par Dieu]&nbsp;». On a coutume de désigner <i>charia</i> en Occident sous le vocable de <b>loi islamique</b>.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Ce terme désigne la dimension exotérique de l'islam concernant les domaines&nbsp;:</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>du <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Culte.htm" target="_blank" title=Culte><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'>culte</span></a>,</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>de la <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Morale.htm" target="_blank" title=Morale><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'>morale</span></a>,</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo1; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>du <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Droit%20musulman.htm" target="_blank" title="Droit musulman"><span style='text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>droit musulman</span></a>.</span> <o:p></o:p></p> <div align=center> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 width="50%" style='width:50.0%;mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184' id=toc0 summary=Sommaire> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td width=596 style='width:447.0pt;background:#C6C6DE;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <div id=toctitle0> <h2 style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Sommaire</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h2> </div> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Origine"><span class=tocnumber><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'>1</span></b></span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <span class=toctext>Origine</span></span></b></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Organisation"><span class=tocnumber><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>2</span></b></span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Organisation</span></span></b></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#La_loi"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>2.1</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>La loi</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#La_fatwa"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>2.2</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>La fatwa</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Les_lois_et_Hudud_de_la_Charia"><span class=tocnumber><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>3</span></b></span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Les lois et Hudud de la Charia</span></span></b></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#D.C3.A9lit_de_Vol"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>3.1</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Délit de Vol</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Fornication"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>3.2</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Fornication</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Adult.C3.A8re"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>3.3</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Adultère</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Homosexualit.C3.A9"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>3.4</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Homosexualité</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Apostasie"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>3.5</span></span><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> </span><span class=toctext><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>Apostasie</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Blasph.C3.A8me"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>3.6</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Blasphème</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Divorce"><span class=tocnumber><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'>4</span></b></span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <span class=toctext>Divorce</span></span></b></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Mariage"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>4.1</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Mariage</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Guerre"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>4.2</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Guerre</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Alcool"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>4.3</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Alcool</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Enseignement_de_La_charia"><span class=tocnumber><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>5</span></b></span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Enseignement de La charia</span></span></b></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Cas_de_l.27Alg.C3.A9rie"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'>5.1</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <span class=toctext>Cas de l'Algérie</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Probl.C3.A8mes_d.27herm.C3.A9neutique_c"><span class=tocnumber><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'>6</span></b></span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <span class=toctext>Problèmes d'herméneutique contemporaine</span></span></b></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Caducit.C3.A9"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>6.1</span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Caducité</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:94.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>o<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Transmission"><span class=tocnumber><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>6.2</span></span><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> </span><span class=toctext><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>Transmission</span></span></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Quelques_pratiques_recommand.C3.A9es_pa"><span class=tocnumber><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'>7</span></b></span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <span class=toctext>Quelques pratiques recommandées par la Charia</span></span></b></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Appr.C3.A9ciation_sur_la_Charia_port.C3"><span class=tocnumber><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'>8</span></b></span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'> <span class=toctext>Appréciation sur la Charia portée par une instance judiciaire internationale</span></span></b></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><a href="#Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"><span class=tocnumber><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>9</span></b></span><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none'> <span class=toctext>Notes et références</span></span></b></a> </p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Origine id=Origine0></a>&nbsp;</p> <h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Origine<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Le mot <i>charia</i> (ou ses dérivés&nbsp;: <i>chara'a</i> et <i>chir'ah</i>) sont cités dans le Coran comme étant la voie à&nbsp; suivre par les musulmans&nbsp;:</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span class=citation><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>«&nbsp;Juge donc parmi eux d'après ce qu'Allah a fait descendre. Ne suis pas leurs passions, loin de la vérité qui t'est venue. A chacun de vous, Nous avons assigné une voie (<i>chir'ah</i>) et un plan à&nbsp; suivre.&nbsp;»</span></span> <span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>(Sourate 5, verset 48)</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span class=citation><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>«&nbsp;Il vous a légiféré (<i>chara'a</i>) en matière de religion, ce qu'Il avait enjoint à&nbsp; Noé, ce que Nous t'avons révélé, ainsi que ce que Nous avons enjoint à&nbsp; Abraham, à&nbsp; Moïse et à&nbsp; Jésus: &quot;Établissez la religion; et n'en faites pas un sujet de divisions.&nbsp;»</span></span> <span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>(Sourate 42, verset 13)</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span class=citation><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;«&nbsp;Puis Nous t'avons mis sur la voie (<i>charî'a</i>) de l'Ordre (une religion claire et parfaite). Suis-la donc et ne suis pas les passions de ceux qui ne savent pas.&nbsp;»</span></span> <span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>(Sourate 45, verset 18)</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Al-Qurtubi (<span class=romain><span title="Nombre&nbsp;écrit en chiffres romains">XIII</span></span>e&nbsp;siècle) dit dans son exégèse à&nbsp; la suite de ce verset&nbsp;:</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span class=citation><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;&nbsp;« </span></span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'><a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/mahomet.htm" target="_blank" title=Mahomet>Mahomet</a> et les califes qui lui ont succédé appliquaient un ensemble de règles en matière de religion et de droit, sans les codifier par écrit.<span class=citation>»&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span class=citation><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>(voir aussi &quot;<a href="mahomet-naissance-de-l'islam.htm" target="_blank">Mahomet - naissance de l'Islam</a>&quot;)</span></span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Au <span class=romain><span title="Nombre&nbsp;écrit en chiffres romains">VIII</span></span>e&nbsp;siècle, l'imâm Mâlik Ibn Anas écrivit son célèbre ouvrage <i>Al-Muwatta`</i> où il rassembla un ensemble de <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Hadith.htm" target="_blank" title=Hadith>hadîths</a> classés selon des questions de jurisprudence, et souvent suivis par son avis personnel. Le calife Harûn Ar-Rachîd&nbsp;&nbsp; apprécia beaucoup ce livre et lui proposa d'en faire la référence unique en matière de jurisprudence. Mâlik refusa en disant&nbsp;: <span class=citation>«&nbsp;Cela n'est pas possible. Car les <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Sahaba.htm" target="_blank" title=Sahaba>compagnons</a> du Messager d'Allah se sont dispersés après sa mort dans diverses villes, et ils ont rapporté ses <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Hadith.htm" title=Hadiths>hadiths</a>. Les gens de chaque ville connaissent donc des hadiths que les autres ne connaissent pas.&nbsp;»</span></span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La codification de la charî'a a eu lieu plus tard avec la formation progressive des différents <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Madhhab.htm" target="_blank" title=Madhhab>madhhabs</a>. Certains califes ont privilégié un madhhab plutôt que les autres en nommant les juges (cadis) qui appartiennent exclusivement à&nbsp; ce madhhab, comme l'ont fait les califes ottomans avec le rite <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Hanafisme.htm" target="_blank" title=Hanafite>hanafite</a>.</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Organisation id=Organisation0></a>&nbsp;</p> <h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Organisation<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La charia classe les actions humaines en cinq catégories&nbsp;:</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height: 150%'>ce qui est obligatoire, comme le respect des <a href="piliers_de_l'islam.htm" target="_blank" title="Piliers de l'Islam">piliers de l'Islam</a>,</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height: 150%'>ce qui est recommandé, comme le mariage,</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height: 150%'>ce qui est indifférent (<i>mubâh</i>),</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height: 150%'>ce qui est blâmable (<i>makrûh</i>), comme le célibat ou le divorce,</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>5.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height: 150%'>ce qui est interdit (<i><a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/haram.htm" target="_blank" title=Haram>Haram</a></i>), comme les délits pénaux (vol, meurtre, etc.) ou les tabous alimentaires (porc, alcool, etc.).</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Ses formulations sont de 2 ordres&nbsp;:</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo4; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>la loi (<i>al hukm</i>)</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo4; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>la <i><a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Fatwa.htm" target="_blank">fatwa</a></i> </span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="La_loi" id="La_loi0"></a>&nbsp;</p> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:18.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>La loi</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Elle désigne la visibilité pratique de l'islam. Elle vise à&nbsp; organiser et structurer la société selon un projet global basé sur une philosophie du droit. Ses juges se nomment des <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/cadi.htm" target="_blank" title=Cadi>cadis</a> (<i>qâdi</i>).</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>À Mayotte (collectivité d'outre-mer française), la <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9.htm" target="_blank" title="Laïcité">laïcité</a> est fondée sur un principe similaire à&nbsp; celui des régions concordataires, la sharya'a est, pour partie, intégrée au droit français pour ce qui concerne la population majoritairement musulmane. En conséquence, le préfet nomme un cadi.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La loi est structurée en deux parties&nbsp;:</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Al Mu'amalat</span></i><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'> qui concerne la morale, le droit civil, le droit pénal,</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><i><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Al 'Ibadat</span></i><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'> qui concerne la liturgie, la prière, l'adoration</span> </p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="La_fatwa" id="La_fatwa0"></a>&nbsp;</p> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:18.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>La fatwa</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Fatwa.htm" target="_blank" title=Fatwa>fatwa</a> est une norme mobile, de l'ordre du conseil. C'est un avis consultatif correspondant à&nbsp; un cas d'application à&nbsp; laquelle le requérant ne peut répondre par lui-même.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Exemples de fatwa&nbsp;:</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo6; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Celle lancée contre Salman Rushdie, auteur du livre <i><a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/les_versets_sataniques.htm" target="_blank" title="Les Versets sataniques">Les Versets sataniques</a></i> considéré comme impie et blasphématoire, établissant ainsi la légitimité de son élimination physique. Cet exemple est le plus connu en France mais, selon certains, ne serait pas le meilleur ni le plus significatif. Il n'y a pas d'autorité suprême en islam et il existe plusieurs écoles d'interprétations de la charia. La portée d'une fatwa est donc limitée, d'autant plus qu'elle émanait d'une autorité uniquement chiite. Cette fatwa a été rejetée par de nombreux musulmans mais a été prise aux sérieux par d'autres et par l'intéressé lui-même et ses traducteurs (traducteur japonais assassiné, traducteur italien agressé, traducteur turc échappant à&nbsp; un attentat à&nbsp; la bombe).</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Le discours décisif d'<a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/averroes.htm" target="_blank" title=Averroes>Averroes</a> est aussi une fatwa.</span> </p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="Les_lois_et_Hudud_de_la_Charia" id="Les_lois_et_Hudud_de_la_Charia0"></a>&nbsp;</p> <h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Les lois et <i>Hudud</i> de la Charia<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="D.C3.A9lit_de_Vol" id="D.C3.A9lit_de_Vol0"></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Délit de Vol</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Au premier vol, on coupe la main gauche, puis le pied gauche, puis la main droite, puis le pied droit. Si le criminel est toujours capable de voler et qu'il vole, il est exécuté. (Cela semble improbable qu'une personne dans un état végétatif vole, mais il certains <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Hadith.htm" target="_blank" title=Hadith>Hadith</a> qui relatent un cas ou Mahomet a ordonné d'exécuter un voleur déjà condamné 4 fois).</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>De nos jours, comme au Nigeria par exemple, elle se fait à&nbsp; l'hôpital sous anesthésie, le patient/criminel est soigné après l'amputation pour qu'il n'y ait pas risques d'hémorragie.</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Fornication id=Fornication0></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Fornication</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La Fornication en Islam désigne un rapport sexuel entre deux célibataires de sexe opposé, le châtiment est la flagellation en public.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Néanmoins, Il est licite pour le célibataire mâle d'entretenir des relations sexuelles avec sa ou ses esclave(s) femme(s) envers qui il a des droits et des devoirs.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La femme n'a pas le droit d'avoir des relations sexuelles avec ses esclaves mâles.</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Adult.C3.A8re id=Adult.C3.A8re0></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Adultère</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>L'adultère en islam pour la femme est le fait d'avoir des relations sexuelles avec une personne autre que son conjoint.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>L'adultère en islam pour l'homme est le fait d'avoir des relations sexuelles avec une personne autre que sa (ses) conjointe(s) ou esclave(s).&nbsp;</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Le châtiment est la lapidation à&nbsp; mort en public.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Dans <span class=GramE>ses <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Hadith.htm" target="_blank" title=Hadith>hadith</a></span>, <a href="mahomet-naissance-de-l'islam.htm" target="_blank" title=Mahomet>Mahomet</a> a prescrit de lapider le criminel avec respect, il ne faut jamais l'insulter ou porter atteinte à&nbsp; sa dignité pendant qu'on le lapide.</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Homosexualit.C3.A9 id=Homosexualit.C3.A10></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Homosexualité</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>L'homosexualité est un crime en islam, et est puni de mort.</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Apostasie id=Apostasie0></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Apostasie</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Celui qui quitte l'islam est puni de mort.</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Blasph.C3.A8me id=Blasph.C3.A8me0></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Blasphème</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Celui qui blasphème est puni de mort.</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Divorce id=Divorce0></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Divorce<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>INFORMATION A VÉRIFIER (prendre avec précaution) ET A COMPLÉTER</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Source&nbsp;: Programme officiel algérien d'éducation islamique (Collège) et de charia islamique (lycée).</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Le mari peut divorcer de sa femme quand il veut.&nbsp;</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Si le mariage a été consommé son ex-conjointe ne doit pas quitter le domicile conjugal durant trois mois.&nbsp;</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Le mari peut revenir sur sa décision durant ces trois mois en ayant des relations sexuelles avec son ex-conjointe.&nbsp;</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Si la femme est enceinte, l'ex conjointe ne doit pas quitter le domicile conjugal jusqu'à&nbsp; ce qu'elle accouche. A l'expiration de ce délai, le couple est officiellement séparé.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La femme qui désire que son mari la divorce (<i>Khul'</i>) doit avoir l'approbation de son mari, si approbation il y a, la femme doit rembourser la dot payée par le mari.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Sous certaines conditions (femmes battues...etc.), la femme peut demander au juge de déclarer le divorce entre le couple.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Si un homme divorce de sa femme trois fois, il ne peut plus se marier avec elle sauf si elle se remarie avec un autre homme puis divorce.</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Mariage id=Mariage0></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Mariage</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Source&nbsp;: Programme officiel algérien d'éducation islamique (Collège) et de charia islamique (lycée).</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Il n'y a pas d'âge légal pour le mariage. Mais la responsabilité religieuse d'un enfant est effective pour <span class=GramE>les fille</span> : aux premières règles, et à&nbsp; la premières éjaculation pour les garçons.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>L'homme musulman qui n'a pas commis de fornication durant sa vie ne peut se marier qu'avec des musulmanes n'ayant jamais commis de fornication ou des femmes issus des <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/gens_du_livre.htm" target="_blank" title="Gens du livre">gens du livre</a>.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Le fornicateur musulman ne peut se marier qu'avec des fornicatrices musulmanes ou des femmes polythéistes. S'il le fait quand même et qu'une autorité islamique le découvre, il sera condamné pour fornication puisque son mariage est nul.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>La femme musulmane qui n'a pas commis de fornication durant sa vie ne peut se marier qu'avec des hommes musulmans n'ayant jamais commis de fornication.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>La fornicatrice musulmane ne peut se marier qu'avec des fornicateurs musulmans ou des hommes polythéistes.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>La femme musulmane ne peut se marier sans l'accord de son tuteur, l'homme n'a pas de tuteur.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Le tuteur peut marier une vierge sans lui demander son avis, elle peut néanmoins s'opposer au mariage alors le mariage n'aura pas lieu.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Le tuteur ne peut marier la divorcée ou la veuve sauf si elle demande à&nbsp; se marier.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Le nombre d'épouses est limité à&nbsp; 4, le nombre d'esclaves avec qui l'homme <span class=GramE>a</span> des rapports sexuels est illimité.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo8; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Le nombre d'époux est limité à 1, la femme ne peut avoir de relations sexuelles avec ses esclaves.</span> </p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Guerre id=Guerre0></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Guerre</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo9; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Il est licite de faire la guerre aux non-musulmans qui ne veulent pas payer la Jizia.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo9; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Il est licite de faire la guerre aux musulmans qui n'appliquent pas la charia.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo9; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Il est illicite de tuer les femmes les enfants et les non combattants, cependant ils peuvent être asservis en esclavage selon des règles qui visent notamment <span class=GramE>aux respect</span> de ceux-ci.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l12 level1 lfo9; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Les musulmans immigrés dans des pays non musulman sont liés par un pacte (moral) de non-agressions envers les habitants du pays.</span> </p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Alcool id=Alcool0></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Alcool</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Source&nbsp;: Programme officiel algérien d'éducation islamique (Collège) et de charia islamique (lycée).</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo10; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Il est interdit de boire, transporter, vendre ou produire de l'alcool.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo10; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Celui qui boit de l'alcool est flagellé, après trois condamnations il est exécuté.</span> </p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="Enseignement_de_La_charia" id="Enseignement_de_La_charia0"></a>&nbsp;</p> <h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Enseignement de La charia<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="Cas_de_l.27Alg.C3.A9rie" id="Cas_de_l.27Alg.C3.A9rie0"></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Cas de l'Algérie</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Plusieurs pays incluent l'enseignement de La charia dans les écoles, en Algérie par exemple, on commence par &quot;l'éducation Islamique&quot; au primaire mais sans parler des châtiments corporels, puis au collège on introduit petit à&nbsp; petit les lois musulmanes sur le&nbsp;: mariage, divorce, vol... etc. Au lycée, l'enseignement devient plus &quot;sérieux&quot; puisque le nom de la matière change en &quot;charia islamique&quot;, on y parle bien sûr de lapidation et de la flagellation. Cette matière est examinable au Bac Algérien, elle est obligatoire pour toutes les filières (lettres, sciences...) et pour tous les Algériens qui passent le Bac, quelle que soit leur religion ou croyance. Obtenir un zéro dans cette matière équivaut à&nbsp; rater son bac, même si on a une moyenne supérieur à&nbsp; 10.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>A l'université, il existe une filière appelée «&nbsp;Charia islamique&nbsp;».</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="Probl.C3.A8mes_d.27herm.C3.A9neutique_co" id="Probl.C3.A8mes_d.27herm.C3.A9neutique_contemporaine0"></a>&nbsp;</p> <h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Problèmes d'<a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/herm%C3%A9neutique.htm" target="_blank" title="Herméneutique">herméneutique</a> contemporaine<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Caducit.C3.A9 id=Caducit.C3.A10></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Caducité</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Certaines dispositions de la charia sont caduques du fait de l'évolution de la société&nbsp;; il devient donc inutile de les préserver. Tel est le cas des questions concernant l'esclavage.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Selon Leila Babès, des pratiques culturelles, c'est-à-dire contingentes ont été incorporées plus ou moins consciemment dans le <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/Droit%20musulman.htm" target="_blank" title="Droit musulman">droit musulman</a> aboutissant à&nbsp; une dégradation du message éthique de la révélation en religion du droit positif. Celui-ci tend à&nbsp; se dogmatiser et à&nbsp; revendiquer abusivement un statut d'orthodoxie alors que l'essentiel de la charia vise à&nbsp; une orthopraxie.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Dans son livre, <i>Loi d'Allah, Loi des hommes</i>, elle considère que le point d'arrivée est un système coercitif omettant le principe juridique fondamental en islam que <i>tout ce qui n'est pas expressément défendu est permis</i>.</span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <h3 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name=Transmission id=Transmission0></a><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Transmission</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Propos d'un musulman&nbsp;: Il n'y a pas de &quot;transmission&quot; de la Charia, car la Charia est avant tout une éducation. En effet, tout a été édicté dans le Coran et la <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/sunna.htm" target="_blank" title=Sunna>Sunna</a> du Prophète Muhammad, jusqu' à&nbsp; la manière de manger. On ne parle alors pas de &quot;transmission&quot; de la Charia, mais d'apprentissage de la Charia. Cet apprentissage se fait à&nbsp; travers les parents musulmans, qui sont le premier exemple pour l'enfant musulman, et à&nbsp; travers le Coran et la Sunna du Messager de Dieu.</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Propos d'un non musulman&nbsp;:</span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Tareq Oubrou regrette que les oulémas (<i>sage; savant; érudit</i>) européens ne s'expriment pas là-dessus et laissent faire.</span><a name=1></a></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La tendance actuelle des courants politiques à&nbsp; militer et à&nbsp; obtenir <i>l'intégration de la charia dans la constitution</i> conduit à&nbsp; la fossilisation des décisions sur la situation d'une société du <span class=romain><span title="Nombre&nbsp;écrit en chiffres romains">IX</span></span>e&nbsp;siècle et à&nbsp; leur conférer un caractère de dogme au lieu de loi<span class=GramE>.<span class=citecrochet>[</span></span>1<span class=citecrochet>]</span></span></p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="Quelques_pratiques_recommand.C3.A9es_par" id="Quelques_pratiques_recommand.C3.A9es_par_la_Charia0"></a>&nbsp;</p> <h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Quelques pratiques recommandées par la Charia<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Ne pas mentir.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Ne pas parler des gens dans leur dos.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Respecter le voisin.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Respecter les animaux.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Faire le ramadan.</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Le bon comportement, le bon caractère, et la bonne moralité</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>L'aumône aux pauvres et aux nécessiteux</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Le bon voisinage</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Les bons rapports entre personnes d'une même famille</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>La générosité</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>La sincérité</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Le fait de sourire à&nbsp; son frère</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>L'interdiction de la calomnie</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>L'interdiction de la médisance</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>L'interdiction du faux témoignage</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>L'interdiction de l'adultère</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>la <a href="/CD-Bible/islam/islam-charia/lapidation.htm" target="_blank" title=Lapidation>lapidation</a> des femmes et des hommes adultères (selon certaines conditions et critères à&nbsp; préciser)</span> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo12; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>la mutilation des voleurs (selon certaines conditions et critères à&nbsp; préciser)</span> </p> <div style='margin-left:3.75pt;float:right'> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="Appr.C3.A9ciation_sur_la_Charia_port.C3." id="Appr.C3.A9ciation_sur_la_Charia_port.C3.A9e_par_une_instance_judiciaire_internationale0"></a>&nbsp;</p> <h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>Appréciation sur la Charia portée par une instance judiciaire internationale<a name=2></a><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>La Cour européenne des Droits de l'Homme, dans un arrêt du 31 juillet 2001 Refah Partisi c. Turquie, fait <span class=citation>«&nbsp;observer l'incompatibilité des règles de la charia avec le régime démocratique&nbsp;»</span><span class=GramE>.<span class=citecrochet>[</span></span>2<span class=citecrochet>]</span><br> <b>Citation extraite de ce document</b></span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><i><span style='font-size: 13.5pt;line-height:150%'>Or, pour la Cour constitutionnelle, la Charia serait l'antithèse de la démocratie, dans la mesure où elle se fonde sur des valeurs dogmatiques et est le contraire de la suprématie de la raison, des conceptions de la liberté, de l'indépendance, ou de l'idéal de l'humanité développé à&nbsp; la lumière de la science.</span></i><a name=3></a> </p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%'>Dans un arrêt du 29 juin 2004, Leyla Sahin c. Turquie, elle, estime que <span class=citation>«&nbsp;le port du voile islamique est difficilement compatible avec l'égalité homme-femme&nbsp;»</span><span class=GramE>.<span class=citecrochet>[</span></span>3<span class=citecrochet>]</span></span><o:p></o:p></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><a name="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences" id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences0"></a><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</span></p> <h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt; line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Notes et références</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height: 150%'>‘! La charia et les lieux saints dans les pays musulmans, carte utilisée par F. Heisbourg dans son cours du 13 janvier 2000 à l Institut d'études politiques de Paris.</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height: 150%'>‘! Arrêt du 31 juillet 2001 de la Cour européenne des Droits de l'Homme concernant l'affaire Refah Partisi c. Turquie</span><span style='font-size: 10.0pt;line-height:150%'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 58.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0cm;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height: 150%'>‘! Arrêt du 29 juin 2004 du la Cour européenne des Droits de l'Homme concernant l'affaire Leyla Sahin c. Turquie</span><span style='font-size: 10.0pt;line-height:150%'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;</span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p style='margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:22.5pt;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left: 22.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class=firstheading>&nbsp;</p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>